甘蔗害虫综合防治研究

1981—1984年广东省开展甘蔗害虫综合防治研究、试验、示范。采取“以农业防治为基础,释放赤眼蜂防治蔗螟;科学用药,保护天敌,充分发挥天敌自然控制多种害虫的作用”。在10万亩大面积上,收到到了显著的经济效益、生态效益和环境保护效益。     

孤雌产雌食胚赤眼蜂高温敏感阶段的研究

胞内共生菌Wolbachia可诱导赤眼蜂产雌孤雌生殖,而高温可使感染Wolbachia的赤眼蜂产雄比例增加。本文以感染Wolbachia孤雌产雌生殖的食胚赤眼蜂Trichogramma embryophagum为材料,采用30℃和35℃高温处理卵、幼虫、预蛹、蛹和成虫等不同发育阶段的虫体,统计子代蜂发育历期、寄生数、羽化率和性比。结果表明,与25℃对照相比,高温缩短了子代蜂各发育阶段的历期,其中蛹、成虫和全世代历期显著缩短。处理的发育阶段和持续时间不同,子代的出雄率不同,而且随着处理时间的延长,对食胚赤眼蜂子代的寄生和羽化有一定的影响。基于高温处理后子代出雄率指标分析,F₃代卵和幼虫经高温处理后代子代雄蜂比率最高,达到了20.54%和23.78%,明显高于预蛹期和蛹期处理的雄蜂率。结果表明,高温处理后感染Wolbachia的食胚赤眼蜂生殖方式改变的敏感发育阶段为卵期和幼虫期,本研究可为进一步揭示Wolbachia调控赤眼蜂生殖的机理提供理论参考。     

赤眼蜂防治杨树食叶害虫大田试验

在沅江市根据不同林龄,不同立地类型选取19块有代表性的林地,根据准确测报,在林地投放赤眼蜂防治杨扇舟蛾。2次投放可控制全年杨扇舟蛾的发生,防治区食叶害虫发生率2.6%,成灾率1.9%。赤眼蜂防治杨树食叶害虫操作易、成本低、效果长,群众易接受,具有显著的生态、社会和经济效益。     

Effects of repeated and delayed exposure to codling moth eggs on reproduction of Trichogramma cacoeciae and T. principium (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) females

Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of repeated and delayed exposure to fresh codling moth eggs on the parasitism of Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal and T. principium Sug. et Sor. The percentage survival of T. cacoeciae and T. principium females significantly declined as the number of exposure times increased (or as the females became older). The highest mean number of parasitized eggs and F₁ progeny were recorded during the first day of exposure, after which they declined. However, the percentage mortality of parasitized eggs of T. cacoeciae and T. principium was negatively correlated with repeated exposure. When the exposure of T. cacoeciae and T. principium females to host eggs was delayed for 3 days after emergence, the percentage of oviposited females was not affected; however, the mean number of parasitized eggs, F₁ individuals and the percentage mortality declined significantly. The current study provided essential information necessary to determine the optimal timing of parasitoid releases to increase the efficiency of T. cacoeciae and T. principium against codling moth.     

Olfactory Response of Trichogramma ostriniae （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae） to Volatiles Emitted by Mungbean Plants

Intereropping maize with the prostrate variety of mungbean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek which grows flat along the ground China, by Trichogramma ostriniae Pang & Chen. This study investigated the behavioural responses of T. ostriniae to plant volatiles emitted from whole plants, leaves, and flowers of prostrate and erect varieties of mungbean in a 4-armed olfactometer. Female parasitiods were significantly attracted to the odours from some varieties of prostrate mungbean when the visit duration and the number of visits were considered, but were not attracted to the odours from any erect varieties. The attractive odours were shown to emanate from the leaves, rather than from the flowers of prostrate mungbean plants. These results have implications for the augmentation of Trichogramma parasitoids in bio-control of O. furnacalis and other crop pests.     

Wolbachia在短管赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂种间的水平传递

用米蛾卵作为短管赤眼蜂和拟澳洲赤眼蜂共寄生的寄主,实现Wolbachia在赤眼蜂种间的水平传递.对Wolbachia的wsp基因进行PCR检测,结果表明,这4头处女雌蜂体内有Wolbachia的存在,且在由这4头处女雌蜂为单系所建立第1～5代拟澳洲赤眼蜂群体内,Wolbaccha的检测均为阳性;wsp基因序列比对和同源性分析结果表明,拟澳洲赤眼蜂和短管赤眼蜂体内Wolbachia的wsp基因序列完全一致.证明未感染Wolbachia的拟澳洲赤眼蜂和感染Wolbachia的短管赤眼蜂在同一米蛾卵体内共同发育时,Wolbachia能从供体短管赤眼蜂成功地水平传递到新宿主拟澳洲赤眼蜂体内,并能在新宿主体内垂直传递5代.     

赤眼蜂在我国生物防治中的应用研究进展

从赤眼蜂的分类、寄主范围、寄生机制、寄生潜能、大规模生产、田间放蜂技术、大面积应用效果及存在的问题等方面对我国赤眼蜂在生物防治中的应用研究现状进行了综述,并对应用前景进行了展望.     

稻田释放拟澳洲赤眼蜂防治一代二化螟研究

[目的]在越冬代二化螟发蛾盛期稻田人工释放拟澳洲赤眼蜂,考察寄生蜂对螟害的控制作用,据此研究水稻病虫害生物防治措施的效果,从而为水稻病虫绿色防控配套措施提供依据。[方法]试验设放蜂田、农民自防田和不防治对照田3个处理,对赤眼蜂寄生率和保苗效果进行统计分析。[结果]拟澳洲赤眼蜂释放区的一代二化螟卵块和卵粒平均校正寄生率分别为66.18%和15.94%,保苗效果为56.52%。[结论]于越冬代二化螟发蛾始盛期释放拟澳洲赤眼蜂对一代二化螟的危害有一定控制效果,可作为一代二化螟绿色防控措施进行推广应用。     

赤眼蜂滞育研究及应用进展

赤眼蜂滞育技术的研究对赤眼蜂工厂化生产及应用具有重要的意义。本文综述了人工诱导赤眼蜂滞育的环境因子和内在因素对滞育的影响,低温是引起赤眼蜂滞育的最主要因素,光周期是诱导赤眼蜂滞育的另一重要因素。与此同时,母代效应、寄主、诱导时期等也都影响着赤眼蜂滞育,因此针对不同的蜂种必须综合考虑各方面因素才能设计出高效、稳定的滞育诱导措施。     

日龄和冷藏时间对玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生卵存活力的影响

玉米螟赤眼蜂是一种重要的寄生性天敌,日龄及冷藏时间是影响其寄生卵存活力的重要因子。为了弄清日龄和冷藏时间对玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生卵低温下存活力的影响,采用正交试验方差分析法检验了在不同日龄、不同冷藏时间下玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄生卵数、出蜂卵数和出蜂率差异。结果显示：当发育到不同日龄后冷藏,其寄生卵数在4日龄达到最大,出蜂卵数在2、3日龄最高,而出蜂率的峰值则出现在1、2日龄;当冷藏时间不同时,其寄生卵数在60、90天时达到最大,出蜂卵数在处理组间无差异,而出蜂率的峰值则出现在20天。研究表明日龄和冷藏时间均能不同程度的影响玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生卵的低温发育和冷藏后的出蜂情况,当龄期较早或冷藏时间较短时,其寄生卵存活力也会更强。因此当规模化生产应用时,需充分考虑日龄及冷藏时间对低温耐受性的影响,藉此以提高玉米螟赤眼蜂的低温贮藏效能。